Chain of Title - published exhibit No. 4 - measured 25 September 2026

Two instruments, or nothing

Identifiers truncated in this published copy. The record behind every row is retained in full.

48,907 creator wallets in this archive launched with a file that another wallet also launched with: 18.5% of every creator it has recorded. They fall into 16,830 groups, and between them they made 107,731 launches, of which 9,986 completed a bonding curve. No wallet is placed in a group on one coincidence. Each connection rests on two or more separate matches, and where only one thing matched, no connection was recorded: 605,869 times.

What is connected to what

Connected means the wallets launched with the same file. Not a similar picture and not the same subject: the same bytes, which is a comparison with one answer. The files are the image a launch showed, the document holding its name, ticker, description and links, and the ticker and name pair itself. Where a wallet appears in a group, the archive holds the artifact that put it there and the hash a reader can recompute.

The rule, which was fixed before the counting

Two creator wallets are recorded as linked only when they share two or more distinct birth artifacts, or artifacts of two different kinds. The kinds are the launch image, the launch description document, and the ticker and name pair, each compared as bytes or as exact text. A single shared artifact is a lead and is never an edge. An artifact carried by more than 20 distinct creator wallets is excluded before anything is counted, because at that spread it is a template, a platform default or a famous picture rather than one hand's leavings. The same rule runs for every reader and has not been varied for any of them.

What the rule threw away

79.8% of the pairs that shared anything at all were refused. Union-find over single-coincidence leads percolates: admitting them merges unrelated wallets into one mass, which is the failure this rule exists to prevent.

One connected component holds 24,186 creator wallets and is published with no group label at all.

Its edges are kept, because each is a fact with its own hash as evidence, but above 100 creators the instrument stops resolving individual hands and a label would assert something the measurement does not support. The largest group that does carry a label holds 44 creator wallets. Measured on the labelled cases behind this rule, the largest genuine component held 30 creators and the cultural percolation component held 12,287, with nothing between them, which is why size is the axis and no pair-level rule is.

What the rule admitted

Of 16,830 published groups, 16,725 carry two or more independent instruments placing their members together: 99.4%. 105 rest on one.

Independent instruments are counted, never weighted and never scored: the artifact kinds above, a funding wallet shared by two or more members, and first fundings inside one hour of each other.

Where the money can speak, and where it cannot

A funding wallet shared by members is a fourth instrument, and this archive states its coverage rather than assuming it. A funder is known for 993 of the 48,907 wallets inside published groups, so only 260 groups hold two members whose funding can be compared at all. The remaining groups are untested on money, which is not the same as unconnected, and nothing here should be read as saying that money tracing failed to find them.

The second row is the one worth reading twice. Where the funder that members share is one this archive has already measured behaving as infrastructure, funding strangers the way a payment service funds customers, the money is not allowed to corroborate the group and the row says so. An exculpatory finding stated plainly is worth more than a flag, and silence would turn a service's customer list into an accusation.

What this does not say